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Obama’s Options: All Lousy

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Boy, some  people having a great time trying to pin what is happening in Syria and in Russian-American relations completely on the Obama administration. Situations that grew over decades, even centuries, simply aren’t solvable by one U.S. administration and its foreign policy, certainly not an administration that took the reins of government with two wars raging and a depression threatening.

What caused the rupture between the U.S. and Russia? Most of the recent problems arose during the Bush years. Russia and Georgia fought the 2008 South Ossetia war. Poland was one of the leaders in condemning Russia and supporting  Georgia. The Bush administration and Poland signed an agreement to install an interceptor missile system in Poland, against strenuous Russian objections. Then-Russian President Medvedev reacted by stating that the missile system was a direct provocation to Russia, making Poland a legitimate target in any conflict. Also, remember that during the Clinton administration Poland joined NATO, upsetting Russia’s military strategy.

Add to all that the fact that Russia’s only remaining naval installation on the Mediterranean is in Syria in a deal worked out by Assad and company and you have the rationale for Russia’s adamant support of the Assad regime. Plus, you have the fact that Putin and Obama simply don’t like or trust one another, neither did Putin and Bush.

There is an ancient feud being worked out by war in the Middle East. The Sunnis hate the Shia and vice versa. Iran wants to be the regional power, but so do Turkey and Saudi Arabia. We’re hated by pretty much everyone there, and Russia and China are trying to take advantage of that fact. In many ways, the Middle East is a conglomeration of tribes, all distrustful of one another, at best. We’re caught in the midst for several reasons. We still need Saudi oil. We will never betray in any way our ally, Israel. We are still looked upon as the world’s remaining major power by the rest of the world (and by ourselves, too).  

The American people are absolutely not ready for yet another war in the Middle East using American ground forces and American treasure. I hope and pray that we learned the lessons of Iraq and Afghanistan well.  Regime change is impossible to bring about by an outside force, unless we are ready to be as brutal as any dictator running some fiefdom. Consider the tens of thousands of Iraqi civilians killed after we overthrew Saddam. And, they’re still killing one another.  The Middle East does not have a history of slowly emerging democratic governance in the style of the United States or Europe. Nations don’t just become democratic because of the overthrow of some autocrat. The “Arab Spring” was about grievances of the people in those nations that overthrew their regimes. None of them have yet become democracies in our way of defining the term.

That we could magically create a democracy in someone else’s nation was the pipe dream of the neocons who were irrational and foolish in thinking that all we had to do was turn people loose in chaos and they would magically become just like us. The neocons actually believed that we could “control” the world for the foreseeable future. Life doesn’t work that way.

To end on a more hopeful note: As we ponder just what we can do in the Middle East and in Syria, for Jews all over the world tonight marks the start of Rosh Hashanah, the new year.  For my Jewish husband , L’shana tovah Tikatevu. May this new year be better and more peaceful than the last.

The $600 Mistake that Will Decide Governor’s Race

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by Paul Goldman

Despite all the tens of millions of dollars being spent on the 2013 governor’s race, the outcome may be determined by a $600 dollar expenditure that Ken Cuccinelli refused to make, and that his campaign wasn’t smart enough to figure out how to make. The biggest definer of the 2013 race, given the likely off-presidential year turnout, is the impact of the McDonnell “gift gate” on the overall campaign “narrative.” As the sitting Attorney General, Mr. Cuccinelli actually had an opportunity to turn lemons into lemonade with a smart strategy.

But this would have required him to do what he has incredibly refused to do, what his campaign strategy folks have indeed defended in public: return the $18,000 in gifts provided by Jonnie “The Rat” Williams, the bad boy at the heart of the McDonnell Mess. For reasons of politics which I confess to totally fail to comprehend, the Cuccinelli forces not only refuse to donate that $18,000 to a charity – a traditional way to handle having to return contributions – but they justify it by saying the AG doesn’t have the money.

This is not only a self-damning explanation, it is a metaphor for the AG’s campaign troubles. Let me explain.

The GOP GUV team could have largely neutralized the $18,000 issue by sending the money to help battered women. Cuccinelli could have taken out an $18,000 loan against his house, or any number of ways, even temporarily borrowed it from a retirement fund with any competent legal/accounting help. This could have been done on July 1 of this year. A belated decision, but politically acceptable for purposes of ending the debate with minimum damage.

Let’s assume he went the mortgage route. He could have taken out an interest-only loan. The first payment is due on August 1. Thus, through the campaign, he would have had to personally pay what? 600 bucks?

 

On election day, one of two things is going to happen. Cuccinelli either will win the Governorship, meaning it would be the best $600 he ever spent. Or he will lose, at which point he can have the campaign pay off the loan by any number of legal means. Other candidates for Governor have gotten money from campaigns to pay off personal and other expenses. Indeed, they have used that money to pay themselves a salary. If Cuccinelli loses, no one is going to give, as Brad Pitt said in Moneyball and rather appropriate here, “a rat’s ass” about the matter.

Voila: The Jonnie “The Rat” Williams gift problem GONE. Instead, Cuccinelli’s campaign strategy has mired him in the McDonnell Mess like someone caught in quicksand. In political campaigning, if you are being forced to explain, there is no gain: indeed, in this instance, it’s a terrible image distraction in my book.

Why? Most of political communication is one side disputing the factual basis of the other. “Your plan wrecks this, my plan doesn’t” is met by “You’re lying about my plan, it doesn’t wreck anything, but yours does,” yada, yada, yada. The swing voter therefore is not sure who to believe.

But Cuccinelli doesn’t dispute the FACT he took the money and refuses to give it back: he concedes Terry is telling the truth about that. Rather, all Cuccinelli and his campaign are doing is explaining why the FACT exists. Meaning: This is a FACT the voter knows is true. The only argument is what it means. Terry says it makes Cuccinelli XYZ; the GOP campaign says that is not true, it makes Cuccinelli ABC.

In the 14th century in England, the rules of debate in a court of law were geared to find a fact both sides would agree to argue, each on the ground it proved their case. While I greatly oversimplify, the case would be won or lost not on whom had the best overall argument, but rather which side prevailed on this one fact. It made the case easier to decide, and it allowed each side to pick its poison so to speak.

This isn’t 14th century England, although some of the rhetoric this year may make one think of the pre-Enlightenment era. But it does seem that the Cuccinelli campaign, for reasons which baffle everyone I know in politics, has decided to get into an old 14th century legal debate over Jonnie Williams’ gifts.

As a matter of politics, this makes NO SENSE. As a matter of finances, this makes NO CENTS. In terms of practical finance, it amounts to $600 out of pocket from Mr. Cuccinelli. Dollar for dollar, it is emerging as the most expensive campaign mistake in the history of Virginia gubernatorial campaigns.

New DPVA Video: Cuccinelli Sold Southwest Virginia Out

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From the Democratic Party of Virginia.

Today the Democratic Party of Virginia released a new web video on Ken Cuccinelli’s ongoing scandal over the help his office gave to out-of-state gas companies engaged in a lawsuit with Virginia landowners over unpaid gas royalties.

The Virginia Inspector General is investigating whether any laws or ethical standards were broken by Cuccinelli’s office in assisting the companies, one of which is a subsidiary of Consol Energy, which has given Cuccinelli’s campaign more than $100,000.

Hillary’s Waterloo Is Along the Road to Damascus

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Hillary Clinton photo 130904Hillary_Clinton_zpsf69a494b.jpg This has to be a particularly uncomfortable moment for Hillary Clinton. She was an architect of this Syrian dilemma by omission and commission. Her team has been hoping we would ignore that. The statement that was released on her behalf was nuanced for deniability. Like her vote on Iraq, spineless.

“Secretary Clinton supports the president’s effort to enlist the Congress in pursuing a strong and targeted response to the Assad regime’s horrific use of chemical weapons.”

There is no escape for this pretender this time. And it really doesn’t matter that the situation in the Middle East is the culmination of a decade or more of national arrogance that overlays a crumbling economic foundation. Ms. Clinton bought a permanent stake in this when she cast her vote at that very important moment supporting George Bush’s war. When she had an opportunity to redeem herself and demonstrate her moxie as Secretary of State, she didn’t.

There have been too many missteps to count regarding Syria alone. And throughout this period, her understudy, Susan Rice, now the National Security Advisor, was completely ineffective in her role as Ambassador to the United Nations. Every bit of this has Hillary’s signature all over it. And this will weigh her down throughout her campaign for 2016.

The Russian reset is part and parcel of this situation; Hillary owns that. At a time when Clinton’s State Department team was sending out feelers to Assad’s opposition, inviting representatives to meet with our Ambassador to Syria, we were handing Assad’s benefactor a trump card. Unexpectedly, as the opposition transitioned to the use of organized violence, something happened to change Hillary’s opinion of Assad and to cast him as a reformer. No wonder the Russians and their client read the tea leaves the way they did. Meanwhile, Senator McCain was allowed or maybe even encouraged to traipse around the region as though he had any ability to discern the situation on the ground. But that fit with Hillary’s penchant for wanting to have it both ways. The United States could be seen supporting both sides.

Take the statement by Clinton in April 2011 painting Bashar al-Assad as a reformer. When there should have been groundwork ratcheting up diplomacy and work to press sanctions against the use of force against protestors, Rice instead pulled an in-your-face attempt to sanction Assad in the Security Council. Of course that failed. She blamed the Russians, our new friends according to Clinton, and the Chinese, our important trading partner. Why? Rice, like Clinton, did not understand national interests, ours or theirs. But that is integral to the Hillary approach to diplomacy. Like everything she does, it is a function of national sentiment rather than national strategy.

And that is reflected in that initial statement from her spokesperson. National sentiment demands Congressional review. That portion of Obama’s position she can back. Now she can only hope she does not have to choose between supporting Obama and remaining on the side of the current popular wave.

Virginia News Headlines: Wednesday Morning

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Here are a few Virginia (and national) news headlines, political and otherwise, for Wednesday, September 4. Also, check out the video of Al Sharpton commenting on peak “Obama Derangement” by right wingnuts. It’s truly astounding how the thought of a “black guy in the White House” drives them crazy, and also how they vehemently deny this is the case.

*Cantor backs military strike, Va. delegation split

*Kerry, Hagel lay out plan to hold Assad ‘accountable’

*Senators strike deal on resolution

*Cantor Weighs Tying Debt Ceiling to Renewable Fuel Bill: Taxes (The debt ceiling needs to be raised, cleanly, without tying it to anything. Period.)

*McAuliffe: Cuccinelli tax cut would de-fund schools

*Jackson keeps GOP establishment at arm’s length in Va. lieutenant governor campaign (Hahahaha: “The Chesapeake pastor has rebuffed the party’s suggestion that he tone down his rhetoric and steer clear of hot-button issues – much to the delight of his grassroots supporters, the frustration of some GOP loyalists and the surprise of almost no one.”)

*Schapiro: Obenshain standing between GOP and a blowout? (“Cuccinelli’s continuing ethics problems – and those that have Gov. Bob McDonnell in the crosshairs of federal prosecutors – force Obenshain to distance himself from his running mate. Further, they compel Obenshain to continue spelling out how he, as the state’s chief legal officer, would have prevented Cuccinelli and McDonnell from behaving badly in the first place.”)

*Trailing with women, Cuccinelli seeks softer image (Don’t be fooled: there is nothing “softer” about this rabid, right-wing ideologue.)

*Rep. Forbes opposes military action against Syria (You know if there were a Republican president, Forbes would be all for it.)

*Cuccinelli won’t defend school take-over law championed by McDonnell

*Va. panel hesitant on bills to ease up on child prostitutes, people forced into prostitution

*113,000 acres off Virginia coast up for auction for wind energy (“The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management will auction nearly 113,000 federal acres off the coast of Virginia Wednesday to develop a commercial wind farm that experts say could one day supply enough clean energy to power about 700,000 homes.”)

*Wonderful Wednesday, fabulous Friday, and not bad otherwise

*Nationals hold off Phillies, 9-6, in mistake-filled contest (A win’s a win, I guess.)

Dominion’s giant concrete paperweight

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(More attention needs to be paid to Virginia’s powerful, but little-known, State Corporation Commission. It’s a major problem. – promoted by lowkell)

The State Corporation Commission has approved Dominion Virginia Power’s proposal for a new gas-fired power plant in Brunswick County, rejecting arguments from the Sierra Club and others that ratepayers would be better served by a combination of low-cost energy efficiency and price-stable renewable energy.

The decision in the case (PUE-2012-00128) reflects the same discouraging themes we have seen from our regulators before: a tendency to believe everything Dominion tells them, coupled with an absolute refusal to acknowledge the climate crisis bearing down upon us and the changes in the energy market that make fossil fuels increasingly risky.

As the SCC put it in its order, “The relevant statutes… do not require the Commission to find any particular level of environmental benefit, or an absence of environmental harm, as a precondition to approval.” (Note to legislators: How about fixing that?)

The SCC’s state of denial is not just about the future. Since at least the 1980s, Dominion has consistently overestimated future demand growth.

A little skepticism might be in order when Dominion projects the same level of demand growth that keeps not materializing. But the SCC is not skeptical. Its order declares Dominion’s load forecasts “reasonable.”

Evidently one can be both reasonable and wrong. Demonstrating this in real time, only a few days after the SCC issued its order this month, Dominion CEO Tom Farrell had to explain to shareholders why electricity demand has not grown this year in line with company predictions.

Amnesia was also in evidence at the public hearing on the case, where proponents of the gas plant – everyone from Dominion employees to the SCC staff – kept insisting on the environmental advantages of natural gas.

But congratulating each other that at least it wasn’t a coal plant seemed odd to those of us who recall the fanfare surrounding the opening of Dominion’s newest Virginia coal plant, all of one year ago.

My, how quickly things change. No one is proposing to build coal plants any more. Now that natural gas costs half what coal does, people have suddenly noticed that burning dirty black rocks to make electricity is a terrible idea. “Look at all that pollution!” they say in wonderment. “How last century!”

But in this century, natural gas is already wearing out its welcome – and not just among unhappy landowners who say fracking has spoiled their drinking water. Scientists measuring methane escaping from extraction wells warn that high levels of “fugitive emissions” may make natural gas a major contributor to climate change.

The SCC takes no notice of climate change, but it ought to consider that others do, presenting a financial risk for any fossil fuel plant. A national plan to reduce carbon emissions could make gas very expensive.

Yet building the Brunswick plant commits Dominion ratepayers to paying whatever the market price is for natural gas for the next three decades. Worse, it’s effectively a baseload plant, designed to burn gas 24/7; it can’t ramp up and down quickly to supply power when needed on a short-term basis, such as to fill in around the power supplied by wind and solar.

Analysts predict wind and solar will increasingly become the first choice for new generation, as these renewables get steadily cheaper and offer long-term price stability as well as environmental benefits.

Indeed, wind turbines beat out natural gas plants as the largest source of new generating capacity nationwide last year. Companies are designing natural gas turbines now that integrate with renewable energy, allowing utilities to hedge their bets on gas.

Well before the end of its 36-year life, a 24/7 baseload plant like Brunswick may be reduced to a giant concrete paperweight.

It would seem wise to hold off on building this gas plant, and we could. Investments in energy efficiency would more than meet the demand the Brunswick plant is supposed to serve, at a lower cost.

The SCC brushed aside this argument, pointing out that it consistently swats down good energy efficiency proposals – and intends to continue doing it.

So Virginia ratepayers, prepare yourselves: You’ve already been stuck with one of the last coal plants to be built in America. Now get ready for 30 years of paying for a natural gas plant. As for your dreams of wind and solar, keep dreaming.

Originally published in the Hampton Roads Virginian-Pilot on August 29, 2013.

Tom Perriello Weighs In On the Syria Situation

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At The Atlantic, former Rep. Tom Perriello – one of the people I respect the most in the world of politics, and no that is NOT a backhanded compliment! – weighs in on what he thinks should be done regarding Syria. Definitely read the entire interview, but here are a few key quotes (bolding added by me for emphasis).

*”While I have advocated for a more aggressive posture that would potentially include regime transition, there is absolutely an argument for inflicting some cost to the regime for the use of chemical weapons against the civilian population.”

*”There is an interest, not just by us but by the community of nations, in creating a significant disincentive to the use of chemical and biological weapons, which even repressive regimes, on the whole, have treated as off-limits.”

*”[Assad] has given every indication that he is reading the international community’s willingness to care fairly well. The use of chemical weapons appears to have been a miscalculation, though maybe not, since a lot of people in the U.S. still don’t want to act.”

*”One of the reasons I came to the conclusion a year and a half ago that we needed to intervene is that both sides appear just strong enough not to lose. That’s what leads to civil war that lasts for years and years, with hundreds of thousands dead, millions displaced, and a cancer that spreads through the region.”

*”There’s a lot of talk about, oh, is this Iraq or is it Rwanda? I tend to agree with the notion that this is closer to Kosovo…”

*”To me, there are a number of elements that go into whether you intervene in a given situation…The difference between force and violence is legitimacy. As progressives in foreign policy, we tend to believe legitimacy matters.”

Well reasoned, and well articulated, as is always the case with Tom Perriello.

P.S. In related news, Hillary Clinton says she “supports the President’s effort to enlist the Congress in pursuing a strong and targeted response to the Assad regime’s horrific use of chemical weapons.”

Ken Cuccinelli Richly Deserves to be Sued for Defamation as Well

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(P.S. He should have been disbarred as well! – promoted by lowkell)

More excellent news on former UVA Professor Michael Mann’s defamation lawsuit against the “conservative” (aka, “climate science denying”) rag “national Review,” as well as other climate science deniers who viciously attacked Mann (e.g., Rand Simberg of the fossil-fuel-funded Competitive Enterprise Institute disgustingly referred to Mann as “the Jerry Sandusky of climate science” because he “molested and tortured data in the service of politicized science”). Most of us missed it because of the Labor Day holiday, but “[t]his past Friday, a DC Superior Court judge handed down yet another decision that climate scientist Michael Mann’s defamation case against the conservative magazine National Review should move forward.” Check it out.

The Court finds that there is sufficient evidence in the record to demonstrate that Plaintiff is likely to succeed on the merits. As the Court stated in its previous Order, NR Defendants’ reference to Plaintiff as “the man behind the fraudulent climate change ‘hockey stick’ graph” was essentially an allegation of fraud by Plaintiff. Plaintiff is a member of the scholarly academy and it is obvious that allegations of fraud could lead to the demise of his profession and tarnish his character and standing in the community.

[…]

Accusations of fraud, especially where such accusations are made frequently through the continuous usage of such words as “whitewashed,” “intellectually bogus,” “ringmaster of the tree-ring circus,” and “cover-up” amount to more than rhetorical hyperbole. In addition, whether the NR Defendants induced the EPA to investigate Plaintiff is not critical to this analysis because it is not disputed that the NR Defendants knew that the EPA and several reputable bodies had investigated Plaintiff and concluded that his work was sound. The evidence before the Court indicates the likelihood that “actual malice” is present in the NR Defendants’ conduct.

Of course, that is all just as true about Virginia’s Witch Hunter in Chief, aka our Attorney General, Ken Cuccinelli, who was clearly filled with “actual malice” in his persecution of Mann. For instance, Cuccinelli claimed that that “Mann knowingly included ‘false information, unsubstantiated claims and/or were otherwise misleading’ in his publications.” If that’s not slander, libel, and/or defamation, I’m not sure what would qualify as such. So why isn’t Cuccinelli being sued along with National Review, the Competitive Enterprise Institute, etc? I don’t know, but I’m going to check into it, because I see absolutely no reason why he doesn’t richly deserve to be facing major, adverse consequences for his outrageous actions.

Atif Qarni Earns Support of Firefighters, Teachers, and Labor Unions

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Former marine and current Prince William County teacher Atif Qarni has earned the endorsements of the Virginia Professional Firefighters, Virginia AFL-CIO, SEIU Local 512, and recommendations of the Virginia Education Association and Prince William Education Assocation.

“As a teacher, I am a proud union member and I look forward to working with teachers, firefighters, and other hard working union members and their families to win this delegate seat and to be a strong voice for working families in Richmond,” said Qarni.

Qarni is running to represent the 13th District in the House of Delegates, which covers western Prince William County and Manassas Park. He is running against incumbent Delegate Bob Marshall who has repeatedly voted to cut resources for Virginia schools, including over $600 million in school funding in 2010 House Budget, HB 30. [Richmond Times Dispatch, 2/28/10; House Minutes, 2/25/10]

How We Can Know that the South’s Decision to Secede Was an Act of Outlawry

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I’ve argued that the spirit that drives today’s Republican Party makes a fight over everything. Its choice of war over cooperation and compromise could hardly be clearer.  I’ve asserted — throughout this series, of which this is the 8th entry — that the spirit behind today’s Republican Party is a re-emergence of the spirit that drove the South in the era leading up to the Civil War, and that this persistence of the same spirit is revealed by the significant overlap in the character and tendencies of the two forces.

Does that overlap include the tendency to choose war, I have asked?  With respect to the political process during the 1850s, I have argued in the previous posting, the answer is yes.  It was — predominantly — the South that pressed the political battle and generated the dynamic that polarized the nation so intensely that continuation of the Union came into question.

Now the question is: at the climax of this polarizing process, when the states of the South made the decision to secede and form a separate nation, did that decision in itself represent a choice for war?

It is only recently, after much study, struggle and consultation, that the answer has become clear to me: Yes, in the drama over secession, as in the process leading up to it, the conduct of the South shows that same spirit that prefers war and conflict over peace and cooperation.

Here’s the path that leads me to that conclusion. First, it should be noted that secession was not an explicit declaration of war.  

 

Second, there’s the question:  When the Southerners decided to secede, did they realize the outcome of their decision would be or might be war?  Some of the leaders of the secession movement may not have expected war to result, and many may have hoped to avoid it, but – I gather from experts with whom I’ve consulted – they understood that their actions might trigger war. But this willingness to run the risk of war is only a minor part of the indictment.

Third, there’s the question of whether, by seceding, the Southerners were acting as outlaws.  Were they were so clearly violating the social contract that by their outlawry they were inviting violence the way, say, Bonnie and Clyde did by robbing banks.  Abraham Lincoln believed so, for he was clear in his mind that the Constitution gave the states no right to break up the Union.  Having taken the oath of office to defend the Constitution, Lincoln felt obliged as president to treat the secession of the South as an illegal rebellion it was his duty to put down.

(Said Lincoln in his First Inaugural Address: “You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to ‘preserve, protect, and defend it.'”)

But I will not convict on that basis.  While Lincoln regarded secession as unconstitutional, the Southerners had come to a consensus among themselves, over thirty years or so, that secession was their right within the Constitution.  The Constitution itself is mute on this point, and whereas I gather that most constitutional scholars would side with Lincoln, the issue was at least debatable, one on which reasonable people could disagree.  For that reason, it seems to me that secession cannot be regarded as a clear form of outlawry.

However, there’s another way of looking at how the South preceded: secession itself might or might not be outlawry, but the manner of the South’s seceding was not only high-handed and provocative, but clearly illegal.  Their conduct manifests a spirit so insistent on achieving its own will that it refused to abide by the order by which the Southerners, like other Americans, had bound themselves.

Regardless of who might be judged to be right on the constitutionality of secession– the Southerners or President Lincoln-there was no equality of legal status in the American constitutional system between the secessionists and the president.  The president is empowered by the Constitution to be the executor of the laws and the defender of the Constitution.  Part of his job is to decide what that means, and that responsibility gives him a status far beyond that of citizens generally.  

When citizens believe the president wrong, they have two constitutional recourses.  1) They can work to replace him in the next election.  Or, 2) they can take the matter to the Supreme Court, which is the ultimate arbiter of what the Constitution allows and forbids. But until the Court gets the last word, the President gets the first word on what will be allowed and what forbidden.  

So when President Lincoln — duly elected, fair and square, by the electoral process laid out by the Constitution — tells the secessionists that they have no such right, the Constitution does not allow them to defend their contrary opinion by force of arms.

The secessionists were not willing to wait until 1864 to try to get a government either more to their liking, or amenable to their departure.  (They were not even willing to wait, as some of the saner voices in the South proposed, to see whether Lincoln as president would treat them ill, as they expected, or well.)  Nor did the secessionists take their arguments about their right to secede to the Supreme Court for judgment by the authority established by the Constitution to decide such questions.

Instead, they asserted their right on their own unauthorized say-so, and chose to wage war against the forces commanded by the constitutionally elected president.

That in itself is lawlessness.  Right or not about secession, the Southerners arrogated to themselves a power clearly in violation of the Constitution.  

I’ve heard Southerners refer to the Civil War as “the War of Northern Aggression.”  That’s not what it was.  Until someone in authority said otherwise about the constitutionality of secession, President Lincoln’s actions — given his interpretation of the Constitution — were entirely within his rights and power.  His oath of office, indeed, required him to use force, if necessary, against any citizens who would arrogate to themselves the power to overthrow the system by which the Constitution arranged for disagreements of that sort to be resolved.

The Southern attitude — “It must be our way, and we will fight rather than accede to a duly established authority that opposes us”– shows a spirit of war.  (It is also the same spirit that today’s Republicans have shown when, through the elections of 2006 and 2008, the American people gave the Republicans’ opponents the power and responsibility to govern.)

So Lincoln was not the aggressor in using force to counter the secession.  Whether he made the right choice to do so, however, is not clear to me. This questioning of Lincoln’s basic decision to use force to hold the Union together will be the subject of the next installment.